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The Relationship between Urban Sidewalks Design and Psychological Sense of Security. Zarghami E., AzhdehFar Sh., Toodeh Fallah S. J. Civil Eng. Urban., 5(3): 134-143, 2015; pii:S225204301500023-5 Abstract One of the basic and important concepts in sustainable development is taking human needs into consideration and meeting them. Security is one of the most basic human needs, which in effect will lead to progress. Urban traffic is one the causes that put a psychological pressure on people and threatens the psychological sense of security. Today the fact that many people don’t use the sidewalks in streets and alleys is a constant psychological pressure both for the pedestrians and for the drivers. Studies show that such constant pressures can lead to serious psychological and mental problems. There are many reasons as to why people avoid using sidewalks for example poor flooring, uneven surfaces, natural and artificial obstacles, the disproportionate width of the sidewalks in comparison to the crossings, failure to take into account the human scale and the importance of viewing angle and the issues of visual perception and so on. In this article this issue is viewed from the pedestrian view and guidelines to solving this problem are researched. To this matter the method of research is combinatorial investigation. The results of the survey showed, that in short distances people over the age of 40 show more interest in a stroll than people under the age of 40. The superficial beauty of sidewalks was evaluated of much importance to both groups. The issue of uneven surfaces was the first priority for the group of over 40 and for the people under the age of 40 the problem that took priority was the width of sidewalks. Taking into consideration the results of both the descriptive and survey research the comfort level of pedestrian pathways were researched and presented. Keywords: Sustainable Development, Psychological Sense of Security, Psychological Pressure, Sidewalk, Pedestrian Pathway, Human Scale [Full text-PDF] منبع: [Hidden Content] J. Civil Eng. Urban., 5 (3) 134-143, 2015.pdf

Study of Intelligent Architecture Techniques along Energy Consumption Optimization with Solar Energy Approach Original Article, D84 Nikbakht H., MehdiNezhad M.R.., Allah GholiPour SM J. Civil Eng. Urban. 4(5): 554-561. 2014 ABSTRACT: Consciously design of the buildings and human residences especially dwelling, with due attention to energy problem can decrease to considerable extent dependence amount of them to energy consumption side heart and cold of structure. Used energy in building part base of statistics is allocated very high digitals to self which are generally no generator and consumed. By consumption more of 40% of total produced energy in country and cost spending equivalent 30 % of resulted revenue of oil sale, it is allocated the most amount of the energy consumption to self. Building pattern improvement and composing with environmental life views lead to consumed materials quality arising, structure methods, exploitation methods and salvage that moreover negative impacts decrease on life environment, new fields provide for innovation and employment in the building part. Buildings design to kind must perform that side use of energy optimum and fuel in the buildings acted various methods and has optimum use of energy together with. Architecture meantime correspondence to climatic condition and optimum use of energy by creating of reasonable relationship between man, nature and architecture in self-final evolution gives interesting patterns as life space. In this direction, exploitation of intelligent architecture principles can play important role. Intelligent architecture pays to two main principles. Principle 1: Attainment of possibilities maximum and capability by the least energy and materials. Principle 2: Consolidation principle and harmonize all possibilities in design and structure steps. Intelligent architecture acts all self-trying to design used possibilities all side and harmonic together till building acts such as harmonic and consolidated system. Other important problem is that try to man with nature and each other have closer relationship that to this manner, man psychic comfort condition give to very extents. Keywords: Sustainable Development, Smart Building, Design Purposefully منبع: [Hidden Content] دانلود: [Hidden Content].,%204%20(5)%20554-561,%202014.pdf J. Civil Eng. Urban., 4 (5) 554-561, 2014.pdf

Increasing Development of the Cities and its Impact on the Environment Original Article, C36 Hasanov T.G, Sangi A, Abafat S. Journal. Civil Eng. Urban. 3(4):221-224. 2013 ABSTRACT:Cities are physical structures that have been built in the heart of nature by human beings. The growth rate of urbanization has been increased after the industrial revolution and urban sprawls are considered some kind of invasion of natural spaces around the city. Currently converting natural areas to urban residential spaces and urban application, conversion of natural forests to agricultural land and villa construction and road building, uncontrolled growth of consumer industries, pollution of water sources, increased artificial uses of the Earth and environmental pollution, have caused a lot of damages to normal appearance of the Earth and continuation of this trend can cause the interaction of nature and consequently make life of current and future generation face to face with danger. Environment as a development platform has an important role in the development of the cities and healthy environment and sustainable ecosystems not only provide necessary platform in development process but also, the appropriate environment for human being to live in and his appropriate participation in the process of human development. Therefore any operation of the nature to construct and develop the cities should take place after evaluation of the resources and regarding the capacities of the natural environment. No city enjoys being completely prepared to guarantee its future sustainability and environmental requirements, force urban planners to observe the requirements of sustainable development. Accordingly, they should organize urban system and modes of production and methods of urban life such that urban development moves towards environmental sustainability. In sustainable urban development the subject of conservation of the natural resources for the present and future through optimal use of the land and causing the least damages to its resources are considered. Keywords: Urban development, Environment, Sustainable Development منبع: [Hidden Content] دانلود: [Hidden Content].,36-221-224.pdf J. Civil Eng. Urban.,36-221-224.pdf

Prioritizing the Sustainable Development Components and its Role in the improvement of Urban Effete Fabrics with group Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP): A Central Part of Isfahan City Case Study Original Article, B16 Rashidi Ebrahim Hesari A, Mousavi SCh, Bahmand D, Samadi R. Journal. Civil Eng. Urban. 2(3): 86-91. 2012. ABSTRACT: Effete fabrics are the confines of urban realms that are in the city structures in dealing with some negative features. These neighborhoods are suffering from the kinds of shortages and problems such as exterior and physical exhaustions, poor urban infrastructures and services, social felonies and cultural problems and the types of economic problems. Despite all the weaknesses and shortcomings, these fabrics are part of the cities and there are many residents living in. It seems that given the scope and severity of the problems that beset these contexts, the most comprehensive approach adopted for dealing with shortcomings and deficiencies in effete fabrics is a participatory approach with sustainable purposes and development. Isfahan is considered the biggest historical town in Iran that an extensive part of its old context is affected with effeteness. This study aims to identify and ranking the sustainable development components influencing on the economic, social and physical improvements and the condition of access to improve and revive the effete fabrics of Isfahan city using hierarchical analysis method (AHP) and also using Expert Choice software. Although an effete context is an unavoidable result in city environment, these problems can be reduced or resolved with efficient policy. Having been analyzed and ranked the factors using collected comments and Expert Choice, the obtained results indicate that economic factors with 0.131 weights have the most effect on the improvement of effete city fabrics and social factors with 0.208 weights and environmental factors with 0.131 weights are the next priorities. Keywords: Effete context, Sustainable development, Group Analytical Hierarchy Process, Isfahan city منبع: [Hidden Content] دانلود: [Hidden Content], 86-91.pdf JCEU-B16, 86-91.pdf