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«سبک و یکپارچه سازی؛ یگانه راهکار "محوری" و عملی برای افزایش ایستادگی و ایمنی بناها در برابر زلزله در گستره کلان» مواد خشکِ آماده برای پوشش بتنی سبک، عایق و "غیرشکننده" بر روی پانل های سبک و مسلحِ ساندویچی (مرور فشرده) چکیده: - استفاده وسیع از سیستم های سبک و در عین حال، یکپارچه در ساخت را می توان راهکاری محوری برای افزایش موثرِ مقاومت و ایمنی بناها در برابر زلزله قلمداد کرد. بنا به تجارب و واقعیت های موجود این راهکار چه بسا یگانه راه حلی است که در عمل قابل اجرا در سطح وسیع در زمانی نسبتا کوتاه می باشد. بدین ترتیب و همراه با در نظر داشتن مجموعه عوامل در هم تنیده فنی، اقتصادی و اجرایی ...، تلاش برای گسترش راهکار محوریِ "سبک و یکپارچه سازی" و تحقق هر چه بیشتر و بهتر آن به هر نحو ممکن اهمیتی راهبردی خواهد داشت. - معرفی "مواد خشکِ آماده" برای اجرای گونه ای پوشش بتنیِ سبک، عایق و به ویژه "غیر شکننده" بر روی پانل های مسلحِ ساندویچی به نوبه خود گامی است در این راستا. در واقع در اینجا نوعی استفاده بسیار ساده و اولیه از سیستم کلیِ موسوم به "بتن سبکِ مسلح و مرکب ارتجاعی" و اجزای تشکیل دهنده آن مد نظر می باشد. در این فن آوری "ساده،تجربه شده و غیر انحصاری"، سیستم مزبور در ساخت دیوارهای بسیار سبک و عایقِ "غیر باربر" در چارچوب گونه ای نیم-پیش ساختگی و همراه با کاربستِ پاره ای روش های رایج و رو به گسترش، مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. - قطعه سبک و یکپارچه به دست آماده بدین ترتیب در اصل نوعی سامانه مرکب است که به مثابه "یک سیستم عمل کننده واحد" دارای مقاومت و ظرفیت "جذب انرژیِ" مطلوب بوده و از "رفتار مناسب در برابر ضرباتِ" شدید وارده برخوردار می باشد. چه این که گذشته از پایایی، در اینجا به سبب کاربرد ساده نوعی بتن سبک و عایقِ خاص به جای ملات معمول و سنگین-وزنِ ماسه-سیمانِ مورد استفاده در برخی پانل های غیر باربرِ مشابه، در مقایسه با آنها، دیوار به دست آمده "وزن به مراتب کمتری (مثلا در حدود 50 کیلوگرم در متر مربع)" داشته؛ "عایق حرارتی به مراتب بهتری" بوده و با اجرایی نسبتا آسان تر و عدم نیاز به برخی اندودها، همچنین امکانات شکل گیری و کار پذیری مناسبی (از قبیل امکان برش و گیرش میخ) دارد. - در این باره، طرح اختلاط مورد نظر، فن آوری ساده تولید و اجرا همراه با دیگر موارد مقتضی "در منابع معرفی شده در آخر این مطلب" به روشنی بیان گشته اند. - البته تکیه راهبردی بر راهکار محوریِ سبک و یکپارچه سازی "در رویکردی منسجم و نظام یافته"، نه تنها به هیچ روی به معنی غیر مهم دانستنِ سایر عوامل موثر در افزایش ایستادگی و ایمنی بناها و مجموعه فن آوری ها و ملاحظاتِ مربوط نیست (!)، بلکه می تواند در عمل با "جبران نسبی بسیاری کاستی های موجود در دیگر زمینه ها"، همچنین به ارتقا و افزایش کارآیی دیگر راهکارهای مقتضی در جای خود بیانجامد .... منبع: بر گرفته از دو مطلب انتشار یافته در نشریه "پیام ساختمان و تاسیسات"، شماره های 91 (صفحه 23) و 92 (صفحات 38 و 39) [Hidden Content] ; No. 5 [Hidden Content] ; No. 5 [Hidden Content] [Hidden Content] منابع حاوي "متن كامل" موارد مربوط: -پوشش بتنی سبک، عایق و غیر شکننده بر روی مشبک های فلزی فوم دار بدون نقش سازه ای - متن كامل: [Hidden Content] ; No. 5 [Hidden Content] ; No. 5 [Hidden Content] [Hidden Content] 05) A Brief in Lightweight Reinforced Sandwich Panels Sabok va Yek-parcheh Sazi, ECRLC & Earthquake, Persian, Arial.pdf 01) Sabok va Yekparcheh Sazi (Earthquake, ECRLC) Persian, ecrlc1@gmail.com, Arial.pdf 04) Mavad-e Khoshk-e Amadeh baray-e Poshesh-e Betoni-ye Sabok... Persian, ecrlc1@gmail.com, ECRLC, Arial.pdf 02) Daramadi bar Beton-e Sabok-e Mosallah va Morakkab-e Ertejaeai (ECRLC) Persian, ecrlc1@gmail.com, Arial, 2nd Revision.pdf 03-2 Elastic Composite, Reinforced Lightweight Concrete (ECRLC) as a type of RCS Revised, 2012, English .pdf 03) Elastic Composite, Reinforced Lightweight Concrete (ECRLC) as a type of RCS English.pdf 06) A Brief in The Resilient Composite Systems (RCS) & Elastic Composite, Reinforced Lightweight Concrete (ECRLC) English, Dec. 2016.pdf 07) A Simple Instance of the Slab Made on the ECRLC.pdf

«سبک و یکپارچه سازی؛ یگانه راهکار "محوری" و عملی برای افزایش ایستادگی و ایمنی بناها در برابر زلزله در گستره کلان»

OVERVIEW Elastic Composite Reinforced Lightweight Concrete; ECRLC as a Type of Resilient Composite Systems; RCS [Hidden Content] - ABSTRACT - A kind of "Elastic Composite, Reinforced Lightweight Concrete (ECRLC)" with the mentioned specifics is a type of "Resilient Composite Systems (RCS)" in which, contrary to the basic geometrical assumption of flexure theory in Solid Mechanics, "the strain changes in the beam height during bending" is typically "Non-linear". i Through employing this integrated structure, with significant high strain capability and modulus of resilience in bending, we could constructively achieve high bearing capacities in beams with secure fracture pattern, in less weight. i Due to the system particulars and its behavior in bending, the usual calculation of the equilibrium steel amount to attain the low-steel bending sections with secure fracture pattern in the beams and its related limitations do not become propounded. Thereby, the strategic deadlock of high possibility of brittle fracture pattern in the bending elements made of the usual reinforced lightweight concretes, especially about the low-thickness bending elements as slabs, is being unlocked. i This simple, applied technology and the related components and systems can have several applications in "the Road and Building Industries" too. i Regarding the "strategic importance of the Lightweight & Integrated Construction in practical increase of the resistance and safety against earthquake" and considering the appropriate behavior of this resilient structure against the dynamic loads, shakes, impacts and shocks and capability of making some lightweight and insulating, non-brittle, reinforced sandwich panels and pieces, this system and its components could be also useful in "seismic areas". i This system could be also employed in constructing the vibration and impact absorber bearing pieces and slabs, which can be used in "the Railroad & Subway Structures" too. i In the relevant paper, the "Resilient Composite Systems (RCS)" and particularly, "Elastic Composite, Reinforced Lightweight Concrete (ECRLC)" as a type of RCS have been concisely presented. [Meanwhile, in the related pictures & figures, an instance of the said new structure and its components and the results of some performed experiments (as the "in-bending" & in-compressive loadings of the slabs including this structure, similar to ASTM E 72 Standard) have been pointed.] i . Key Words: Strength of materials (solid mechanics), Civil (construction), Materials, Earthquake (resistance and safety), Resilient concrete (flexible concrete, bendable concrete, elastic concrete), Composite concrete, Lightweight concrete, Reinforced concrete, Fibered concrete, Lightweight and integrated construction, Rail (railroad, railway), Subway, Road, Bridge, Resilience, Energy absorption, Fracture pattern, Non-linear, Strain changes, Beam, Ductility, Toughness, Insulating (insulation), Thin, Slab, Roof, Ceiling, Wall (partition), Building, Tower, Plan of mixture, Insulating reinforced lightweight pieces, 3d, Sandwich panel, Dry mix, Plaster, Foam, Expanded polystyrene (EPS), Polypropylene, Pozzolan, Porous matrix (Pored matrix), Mesh (lattice), Cement, RCS, ECRLC . - Contents - ABSTRACT I. INTRODUCTION II. WHAT ARE THE RESILIENT COMPOSITE SYSTEMS - A. General Review - B. Components . (1) Mesh or Lattic . (2) Fibers or Strands . (3) Matrix with the Suitable Hollow "Pores (Voids)" and/or Lightweight Aggregates in its Context - C. More Explanations about the RCS - D. Why are These Systems Called as Composite - E. The General Structural Particulars and Functional Criteria as the Necessary Specifications of the Compound Materials Generally Called as Resilient Composite Systems . (1) General Structural Criteria . (2) Functional Criteria ; Required Specifications III. "ELASTIC COMPOSITE REINFORCED LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE (ECRLC)" AS A TYPE OF THE RESILIENT COMPOSITE SYSTEMS (RCS) An Instance of the Lightweight Concrete that Could be Used in Making the ECRLC IV. REVIEW OF SOME EXPERIMENTS, AND MORE DESCRIPTION about ECRLC V. SUPPLEMENTARY ELEMENTS VI. APPLICATIONS VII. FINAL REVIEW ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES *** - General Review - A kind of "Elastic Composite, Reinforced Lightweight Concrete" with the said specifics is a type of the "Resilient Composite Systems (R.C.S.)" in which, contrary to the basic geometrical assumption of flexure theory in the Solid Mechanics, the strain changes in the beam height during bending is typically "Non-linear". i Indeed, the RCS, as the Elastic Composite, Reinforced Lightweight Concrete (ECRLC), do not behave as most of the solid materials in bending. i In the "Resilient Composite Systems", distributed pores and/or appropriate lightweight aggregates or beads, accompanied by the reticular structure of the strengthened conjoined matrix, bring about the expedient internal shape changes during bending and continuing the elasticity in bending with the said nonlinearly pattern. This means better distribution of the stresses and strains and better utilizing the potential capacities of the employed reinforcements in bending and tension; whereas, in the usual lightweight concretes for instance, distributed hollow pores (such as the gas bulbs in the cellular concretes) or lightweight aggregates (such as Plastic, Rubber or polystyrene beads or any other kind of lightweight aggregates such as Perlite and Vermiculite) decrease the modulus of resilience in bending and could increase "the possibility of beam fracture of brittle and primary compressive type" in bending (compared to the concrete with higher density) according to the case. i In this way, by using the mentioned method to make the said particular composite systems, we could considerably increase the modulus of resilience and bearing capacity in bending "together with" significant decrease of the weight and also possibility of beam fracture of primary compressive type. Through making these particular integrated functioning systems, for the first time, the said (paradoxical) properties have been concomitantly fulfilled in "one functioning unit" altogether. i Respect to the special pattern of the strain changes during bending in the particular Resilient Composite System called as the ECRLC, this system as an integrated functioning unit with the reticular arrangement and texture has more strain capability (particularly within the elastic limit), energy absorption and load bearing capacities in bending compared to the usual reinforced concrete beams. i Thereby, through employing this applied structure, solving some of the main problems in lightweight concretes application, especially the deadlock of brittle and insecure being of fracture pattern in many of the usual reinforced lightweight concrete structures, is provided; reaching to the high bearing capacities in bending elements (even with low dimensions & weights) is to hand, and getting access to a simple and practical opportunity for "qualitative development of capabilities of using lightweight concretes" (especially with oven-dry densities of < 1350-1400kg/m3 and compressive strengths of <14-17mpa, and even with oven-dry densities of < 800kg/m3) is conceivable . i Naturally, by more studies in the field, these structures and their applications in various fields could be developed more. i *** - Source; Open Access - Kamyar Esmaeili: "Elastic Composite Reinforced Lightweight Concrete as a Type of Resilient Composite Systems"; The Internet Journal of Innovative Technology and Creative Engineering (IJITCE); 2012; 2(8): 1-22. URL: [Hidden Content] ; also archived at: [Hidden Content] or [Hidden Content] - Some alternative addresses for this subject - . [Hidden Content] Full Paper . [Hidden Content] Attachment No. 3, Full Paper . [Hidden Content] Attachment No. 3, Full Paper . [Hidden Content]; [Hidden Content] "Previous Version" in English: Kamyar Esmaeili, 2007, “A Review on Elastic Composite, Reinforced Lightweight Concrete; E.C.R.L.C.” [Full Text]; The Proceedings of "International Conference on Advances in Cement Based Materials and Applications to Civil Infrastructure, (ACBM-ACI) December 12-14 2007, Lahore, Pakistan *** It is also worthy of mentioning that; some simple applications of the mentioned system and its components have been also discussed in the relevant literature in Persian. For example, some related subjects as the instances of the mixture plan in various application cases, the simple technology for production and execution, method of use, etc have been pointed in this regard. [Generally, these simple applications, also for getting access to Lightweight and Integrated Construction, can be useful and handily, particularly in the seismic areas…. As instance, a general instructive paper for the public in simple and handy application of the discussed structures and related components and materials for effectively increasing the resistance and safety against the earthquake ("with emphasis on the Lightweight and Integrated Construction as the main attitude to practically increase the resistance and safety of the constructions against the earthquake in the large extent") has been presented "in Persian (Farsi) language" at these URLs:[Hidden Content], [Hidden Content], [Hidden Content] (Relevant Attachments in Persian) or [Hidden Content] (Relevant Attachments in Persian). i . Full Paper - [Hidden Content] - [Hidden Content] ; [Hidden Content] - [Hidden Content] - A Brief in the Subject [Hidden Content],-Reinforced-Lightweight-Concrete-%28ECRLC%29---A-Brief&id=5496063 03) Elastic Composite, Reinforced Lightweight Concrete (ECRLC) as a type of RCS English.pdf 06) A Brief in The Resilient Composite Systems (RCS) & Elastic Composite, Reinforced Lightweight Concrete (ECRLC) English, Dec. 2016.doc 07) A Simple Instance of the Slab Made on the ECRLC.pdf 02) Daramadi bar Beton-e Sabok-e Mosallah va Morakkab-e Ertejaeai (ECRLC) Persian, ecrlc1@gmail.com, Arial, 2nd Revision.pdf 03-2 Elastic Composite, Reinforced Lightweight Concrete (ECRLC) as a type of RCS Revised, 2012, English .pdf 01) Sabok va Yekparcheh Sazi (Earthquake, ECRLC) Persian, ecrlc1@gmail.com, Arial.pdf 04) Mavad-e Khoshk-e Amadeh baray-e Poshesh-e Betoni-ye Sabok... Persian, ecrlc1@gmail.com, ECRLC, Arial.pdf 05) A Brief in Lightweight Reinforced Sandwich Panels Sabok va Yek-parcheh Sazi, ECRLC & Earthquake, Persian, Arial.pdf