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Earthquakes and Architecture منبع @CivilbestEarthquakes_Presentation_Olson.pdf

Criteria of Passive Defensein Subway Stations Original Article, D46 Kameli M., Zarei S., Kalantari M., SoleimanNejad E. J. Civil Eng. Urban. 4(3): 298-304. 2014 ABSTRACT: Defense is an integrated concept, which includes both active and passive defenses. The effects of the war include heavy human and material losses and damages to cities that can be reduced by using passive defense measures and methods before the outbreak of the war. Metro (subway) trains, as one of the critical infrastructures, with a dual function can be considered as a settlement of refugees, and can be applied in times of crisis and threat. Observing safety and protection standards against natural and unnatural threats, gives a defensive approach to the subway buildings as their main feature. This paper provides a brief description about how to apply, benefit, and perform the methods of passive defense in metro stations as a secure underground area, considering the global experiences and investigates the basic and important components of the Metro, the types of threat and vulnerability, the economic justification and the functions of the metro stations with a descriptive-analytic approach, and then offers some considerations and solutions for the relevant passive defense. After achieving the technical criteria and applying them in the Architectural designing phase, in the event of a possible modern war (called the sixth generation of wars) the citizens' security will increase, and the defensive power and national security will enhance subsequently. Keywords: The Subway, Designing, Passive Defense, Threat, Architecture. منبع: [Hidden Content] دانلود: [Hidden Content].,%204%20(3)%20298-304,%202014.pdf J. Civil Eng. Urban., 4 (3) 298-304, 2014.pdf

Study of Talesh City Architectural Design Based on Regional Climate Original Article, D32 Rezayi Banafsheh M, Nasiri Ghalebin S, Zarei J. Journal. Civil Eng. Urban. 4(2): 206-212. 2014 ABSTRACT: Architecture climatology is a branch of applied climatology that affected human life. The structure of buildings in various areas affected by climate and culture. Attention to area climate influences on building design, to increase people comfort, is inevitable. Due to humans are affected by the area climate, climate scientists and architects due to climates in different regions, working together to enhance people comfort. In this study, the case study is Talesh city that located in West of Guilan. It has temperate and humidity climate. To study of area climate and type of buildings and their adaption to area climate, Mahoney indicator is used. Because of the lack of the climatic data of Talesh, Rasht climatic data as: temperature, humidity, rainfall, prevailing wind direction, wind calm percent, cloudy days and sunny hours that are similar to Talesh climate were used. This data are taken from the Meteorological organization which related to the years of 1992 to 2012. Keywords: Climate, Architecture, Talesh, comfort, Mahoney منبع: [Hidden Content] دانلود: [Hidden Content].,%204%20(2)%20206-212,%202014.pdf J. Civil Eng. Urban., 4 (2) 206-212, 2014.pdf