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Risk-based management of occupational safety and health in the construction industry – Part 2: Quantitative model Vitor Sousa ⇑, Nuno M. Almeida, Luís A. Dias Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and GeoResources, Technical University of Lisbon – IST, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 6 February 2014 Received in revised form 1 July 2014 Accepted 2 January 2015 Available online 29 January 2015 Keywords: Occupational safety and health Quantitative risk assessment Construction industry Monte Carlo Simulation a b s t r a c t During the last decades, there has been a growing awareness about occupational safety and health risks by the various interested parties in the construction industry. However, despite the substantial improvements achieved, the rate of accidents is still significantly higher than in most of the other industries. Two major reasons have been used to explain this high rate of accidents in the construction industry: (i) the intrinsic riskiness due to the nature of the activities and the particular characteristics of constructions projects and organizations; and (ii) the financial and economic issues regarding the implementation of additional safety measures in a growing competitive market. This companion paper is presented in two parts. The present document refers to Part 2 and makes use of the background knowledge and existing initiatives reviewed in Part 1 to propose and detail the Occupational Safety and Health Potential Risk Model (OSH-PRM). The proposed model was conceived to assist in conducting cost-benefit analysis for occupational safety and health risk management. The OSH-PRM enables an enhanced management of the resources available to improve safety and health conditions in the various activities and for different groups of workers involved in the execution stage of a construction project. 1-s2.0-S0925753515000041-main.pdf

QRAM a Qualitative Occupational Safety Risk Assessment Model for the construction industry that incorporate uncertainties by the use of fuzzy sets Abel Pinto ⇑ Safe@Work, Independent Safety Research Group, Avenida do Mar, no. 30, 5 esq, 2825-476 Costa da Caparica, Portugal a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 16 August 2013 Received in revised form 19 October 2013 Accepted 29 October 2013 Available online 27 November 2013 Keywords: Qualitative risk assessment Construction industry Occupational safety Fuzzy sets Qualitative model a b s t r a c t Occupational safety risk assessment is the core of safety practices. Is a complex process that requires the consideration of sundry parameters, which are often difficult to quantify. This paper presents the new developed fuzzy QRAM model, which intends to support construction companies in carrying out their responsibilities to reduce occupational safety risks. The innovative aspects of QRAM model is to embody assess of the safety climate and the safety barriers effectiveness as assessment dimensions and the use of fuzzy sets theory to enhance the use of imprecise and incomplete information, elicited by linguistic variables. The QRAM model was designed based on the best academic and empirical knowledge about safety risks on construction industry, biomechanical data and laws of physics, chemistry and engineering. The lack of credible and accurate data, resulting from the in-depth investigation of work accidents in construction industry was the greatest difficulty in carry-out this work. QRAM was, firstly evaluated by ‘‘peer’’ review, with 12 safety experts from Brazil (2), Bulgaria (1), Greece (3), Turkey (3) and Portugal (3) and, then, appraised by comparing QRAM with 2 other occupational safety risk assessment techniques. The safety experts evaluators concluded that: (a) QRAM is a versatile tool to assess occupational safety risk assessment on construction sites; ( the specific checklists for knowledge elicitation are a good aid and enhance the process objectivity, and © the use of linguistic variables is a better way to rate the risk factors thus to render the risk assessment process more objective and reliable. 1-s2.0-S092575351300252X-main.pdf

Activity based risk assessment and safety cost estimation for residential building construction projects G. Emre Gurcanli, Senem Bilir ⇑, Merve Sevim Technical University of Istanbul, Department of Civil Engineering, Division of Construction Management, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 6 February 2015 Received in revised form 19 June 2015 Accepted 1 July 2015 Available online 16 July 2015 Keywords: Risk assessment Safety cost Scheduling Construction industry Logarithmic regression a b s t r a c t Fatal construction accidents are major problem in Turkish construction industry. Although new comprehensive legislation has been inured recently; level of consciousness in the industry is unsatisfactory and safety is perceived as an extra cost. Small or middle scaled residential projects have a big share in the industry and majority of the fatal accidents usually occur on such work sites. Focus of this study is small and middle-scaled residential construction sites. Drawings, technical specifications, bill of quantities of 25 concrete residential buildings with total areas that vary between 230 and 118,200 m2 in Istanbul were examined. Site visits and information gathering were performed from site engineers. This study aims to give an approach for safety cost estimation for the early stages of construction bidding phase using risk assessment activities and construction project scheduling by focusing on construction activities. Additionally, a cost analysis was performed and the results were compared and analyzed with a former project that focused on 30 concrete residential projects in Istanbul. Primavera P6 was utilized for scheduling, and risk assessment was conducted using the techniques applicable for construction projects (i.e., L matrix and Fine-Kinney). Finally, activity-based techniques were used for cost estimation. The results of this study reveal that the percentage of safety cost to the total construction cost is 1.92%. Also, to comply with the current legislation and minimize risks; 0.85 USD per man-hour should be spent according to 2013 rates and safety cost per unit area was found as approximately 5.68 USD. 1-s2.0-S0925753515001666-main.pdf

Occupational risk assessment in construction industry – Overview and reflection Abel Pinto a,⇑, Isabel L. Nunes a, Rita A. Ribeiro b a Universidade Nova Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Industrial, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal b Centro de Tecnologia e Sistemas, UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 6 October 2009 Received in revised form 23 November 2010 Accepted 8 January 2011 Available online 18 February 2011 Keywords: Occupational risk assessment Safety Construction industry Fuzzy sets a b s t r a c t The construction industry is plagued by occupational risky situations and poor working conditions. Occupational risk assessment (ORA) on workplace sites is the first and key step to achieve adequate safety levels, particularly to support decision-making in safety programs. Most construction safety efforts are applied informally under the premise that simply allocating more resources to safety management will improve safety on site. Moreover, there are many traditional methods to address ORA, but few have been adapted and validated for use in the construction industry, particularly in the design stage, for which traditional approaches do not give adequate answers. This paper presents a state-of-the-art on ORA traditional methods, for the construction industry, discussing their limitations and pointing advantages of using fuzzy sets approaches to deal with ill-defined situations. 1-s2.0-S0925753511000051-main.pdf