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Investigation of Population Establishment Pattern in the Residential Centers of Tehran Metropolitan Area in Relation to the Role of Urban-Regional Management and Planning System (1966-2011) Original Article, D59 Lalehpour M. J. Civil Eng. Urban. 4(4): 390-396. 2014 ABSTRACT: Current study has analyzed the trend of population establishment in residential centers of Tehran metropolitan area between 1986-2011 in relation to the role of formal management and planning system of the country. Hence, the trend of spatial establishment of population in the region has been considered through population absorption pattern of urban and rural settlements of the region and new towns position. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Results show that the structure of management and planning of Tehran metropolitan area in the organization of region’s population establishment hasn’t solidarity and coordination. Population settlement plans in Tehran metropolitan area which has been implemented in the framework of new towns plan has acted in an abstract space without paying attention to policy making and integrated planning for development of other physical elements such as industrial activity centers, communication network and public services and utilities of metropolitan area has acted. This matter has caused that regardless of considerable capacity making in planned new towns, these centers don’t play important role in organization of population establishment in the region. Absorption of population out of new towns’ land has been more than these planned centers. This matter has resulted in irregular development of urban settlements network of Tehran metropolitan area and emergence of environmental problems in the region. Keywords: Management and Planning System, Residential Centers, New Towns, Spatial Organization of Population, Metropolitan Area, Tehran. منبع: [Hidden Content] دانلود: [Hidden Content].,%204%20(4)%20390-396,%202014.pdf J. Civil Eng. Urban., 4 (4) 390-396, 2014.pdf

Sustainable Residential Buildings in the Tehran Metropolitan Area Original Article, D19 Bairami A, Tabibian M. Journal. Civil Eng. Urban. 4(2): 120-124. 2014 ABSTRACT: Housing is one of the first things that humans have always had to grapple with and always trying to find appropriate and reasonable answers for its issue. Beginning with Twenty-first century, Third World faces several important challenges such as providing proper shelter, employment and environmental sustainability. In between these, proper shelter is important because the basic needs of the household or individual such as sleep, rest, protection against weather conditions and etc. Appropriate housing is an important goal of the development programs. One of the Indicators for assessing the utility of housing is materials and structures used in residential buildings. This research tries to examine strength of the residential buildings in the cities of Tehran metropolitan area in the past three censuses in 1986, 1996 and 2006. Metropolitan area of Tehran has 20 urban centers in 1986, in 1996 this area had 27 urban centers and in 2006 this area had 53 urban centers. Result show Tehran city has the highest percentage of sustainable residential buildings in the urban centers of Tehran metropolitan area for each census. The mean for percent of sustainable residential buildings in Tehran metropolitan area has been upward all time; this amount achieved 66.80 percent in 2006 from 3.70 percent in 1986. It means substantial growth. Standard deviation is used for measurement of distribution for sustainable residential buildings in urban centers of metropolitan area. Result shows, standard deviation for residential units has been upward from 1986 to 1996 and have been decline from 1996 to 2006. This means increasing development gap in the field of sustainable construction in the urban centers of Tehran metropolitan area during the years 1986 to 2006 and the peak is year 1996. Key words: Metropolitan Area, Sustainability, Residential Buildings, Building Strength, Assess the Degree of Development. منبع: [Hidden Content] دانلود: [Hidden Content].,%204%20(2)%20120-124,%202014.pdf J. Civil Eng. Urban., 4 (2) 120-124, 2014.pdf