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Structural Elements of Urban Squares from Tradition to Modernity in Iran: A Comparative Study of Isfahan’s Naghsh-e-Jahan Square and Tehran’s Toop-khaneh Square Original Article, D78 Khodabakhshi Z. J. Civil Eng. Urban. 4(5): 522-528. 2014 ABSTRACT: Modernism, as one of the main achievements of man, has been the source of various changes in the spatial structure of cities. Among the changes, city square, as the most significant structural representative of the city, is one of the changes originating from modernism. Using library resources, this study examined the change and development of structural elements of the square from tradition to modernism. It targeted the trend of structural changes of the square by comparing the two squares of Naghsh-e-Jahan and Toop-khaneh from beginning to the present time. The findings showed that with the appearance of modernism in Iran’s cities, structural elements of the traditional square were modified, and modern elements, which fulfil the modernist needs, replaced them and were made in the body of the square. The present study compared the two case squares. It is concluded that the continued growth of modernism lead to changes, not only in the structure of the modern urban square, but also in the essence of the square. In case in the design of urban squares enough consideration is granted for human criteria as well as restrictions in access to transportation vehicles, urban space of squares can be revitalized, and defects in modernist modifications of squares can be decreased. Keywords: Structural Elements, Square, Tradition, Modernism, Naghsh-e-Jahan, Toop-khaneh. منبع: [Hidden Content] دانلود: [Hidden Content].,%204%20(5)%20522-528,%202014.pdf J. Civil Eng. Urban., 4 (5) 522-528, 2014.pdf