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8. مهرداد حجازی, پرهام معمارزاده, علی محمدیان, , "Study of the Effect of the Length and Position of Knee Elements on Structural Behavior of Knee-Braced Steel Frames and Comparison with X-Braced Frames", 4th International Conference on Seismic Retrofitting, تبريز, 2012 Abstract In optimum design of steel frames that are resistant to lateral loads it is necessary to provide stiffness and ductility, along with financial considerations. Lateral resistant systems like bending frames or concentric braced frames normally cannot provide liable stiffness and ductility. To solve this problem, it can be helpful to use knee bracing. In a knee bracing system a diagonal member is connected to a knee element that works like a plastic fuse. In this situation, ductility is provided through yielding of the knee element, and stiffness is supplied by a diagonal member. In this study, a number of three-span steel frames with different number of floors have been analysed using nonlinear dynamic method in order to investigate the effect of the length and position of the knee element on the stiffness and ductility of the frames. Obtained results have been compared with those of x-braced steel frames. Keywords : knee bracing, nonlinear dynamic, ductility, stiffness. منبع: [Hidden Content] دانلود: [Hidden Content] PaperC_8873.pdf