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کتاب آسیب پذیری و ارزیابی ریسک (مطابق سرفصل آموزشی مدیریت سوانح در برنامه توسعه و عمران سازمان ملل متحد ) ترجمه: سعید ایمانی، مسعود حسن نژاد امجدی و خلیل ولی زاده کامران Vulnerability and Risk Assessment - A. W. Coburn, R. J. S. Spence & A. Pomonis منبع دانلود

A Beginner’s Guide to Fragility, Vulnerability, and Risk آموزش مقدماتی مفاهیم شکنندگی، آسیب پذیری و ریسک Keith Porter, PE PhD University of Colorado Boulder and SPA Risk LLC, Denver CO USA keith@cohen-porter.net Revised 19 March 2018 منبع Porter-beginners-guide.pdf

Seismic vulnerability of existing buildings Kerstin Lang Institute of Structural Engineering Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich February 2002 Abstract In order to assess the seismic risk for Switzerland, and particularly for the city of Basel, a joint project on the subject of “Earthquake Scenarios for Switzerland” was launched by the Swiss Seismological Service (SED) and the Institute of Structural Engineering (IBK) at the ETH Zurich. The goals of the study are to improve the assessment of seismic hazard, to investigate the vulnerability of the built environment and finally, to combine the results to elaborate risk scenarios as the first fundamental step in the mitigation process. The objective of this work is the evaluation of the seismic vulnerability of existing buildings with a focus on the residential building stock in the city of Basel. Since no major damaging earthquake has occurred in Switzerland in recent times, vulnerability functions from observed damage patterns are not available. A simple evaluation method based on engineering models of the building structures suitable for the evaluation of a larger number of buildings is therefore proposed. First, the general idea of the evaluation method based on nonlinear static procedures is introduced in Chapter 3 which briefly discusses the two key elements of a vulnerability analysis, the capacity (strength and deformation capacity) of a building and the seismic demand. The results are vulnerability functions expressing the expected damage of a building as a function of the seismic input. The application of the evaluation method to unreinforced masonry buildings and to reinforced concrete buildings is discussed in more detail in Chapters 4 and 5 respectively. Special attention is paid to the frame action due to the coupling of the walls by floors and spandrels. Comparisons with test results from model buildings in the case of masonry buildings and with a recently proposed and thoroughly checked deformation orientated method in the case of reinforced concrete buildings show that the proposed method suitably forecasts the capacity of a building. Finally, a comprehensive inventory of the buildings in a small target area in Basel was established based on plans and a street survey. The inventory comprised a total number of 87 buildings which were then assessed using the evaluation method. Based on the results of the assessment, building classes were defined depending on the type of structure and the number of storeys. Corresponding fragility curves were determined, expressing the probability of a building belonging to a certain building class of reaching or exceeding a particular damage grade given a deterministic estimate of the spectral displacement. The classification of the buildings allows an extrapolation of the results to a larger area or to the whole city. A statement on the actual seismic risk, however, is not possible without the knowledge of the local seismic hazard which is not yet available. دانلود منبع Untitled.pdf

An Optimization Model for Financial Resource Allocation Towards Seismic Risk Reduction Elnaz Peyghaleh; M.R. Zolfaghari; P. Vaziric This paper presents a study on determining the degree of effectiveness of earthquake risk mitigation measures and how to prioritize such efforts in developing countries. In this paper a model is proposed for optimizing funds allocation towards risk reduction measures (building retrofitting) and reconstruction process after potential earthquakes in a regional level. The proposed model seeks optimized strategy towards risk reduction based on minimizing or maximizing various criteria such as retrofitting costs, economic damages including business interruption losses, number of human casualties and other seismic hazard consequences. The main objective of this model is to find optimum strategy for maximizing the benefits of available economic resources for retrofitting and reconstructions. Regional seismic hazard and building stocks and their vulnerability functions are used to model probabilistic seismic risk for a given region. The proposed model is adjusted for developing countries exposed to high seismic sources like Iran. In order to present the application of the proposed method, the approach is applied for a pilot area in Tehran. Results illustrate the variation of mitigation in particular, structural retrofitting expenditures and reconstruction expenditures by structural type for buildings in this region. In addition, recommended expenditures by year for the case study are obtained according to the results. منبع دانلود JSEG301354307400.pdf

Estimation of Sloshing Wave Height in Broad Cylindrical Oil Storage Tanks Using Numerical Methods H Kazem; S Mehrpouya Cylindrical steel tanks are important components of many industrial plants such as oil refineries and chemical plants. Usually failure of cylindrical tanks leads to serious consequences. During the past earthquakes such as 1964 Alaska and 1999 Turkey seismic performance of cylindrical tanks revealed that tanks are seismically vulnerable. Therefore, evaluation of seismic performance of these structures is an important task in seismic prone areas. During an earthquake, a sloshing motion may occur in upper parts of the liquid. In storage tanks during earthquake if fluid wave height in tank increases, the fluid wave may damage the roof or some parts of roof holders. The tanks should resist against unfavourable impacts such as earthquakes. In this paper, 5 tanks with different H/D ratios in an oil refinery complex in Iran were studied using static and dynamical analysis (linear and non-linear). Spectrum and time history linear and non-linear analysis was completed in order to find the fluid wave height and also ratio of wave height to the tank diameter. منبع دانلود JSEG241348691400.pdf

Assessment less Developed Neighborhoods to Earthquake Risk (A Case Study of Qaradiyan Neighborhood of Sanandaj City) Original Article, D27 Habibi K, Tavallaei R, Azami M. Journal. Civil Eng. Urban. 4(2): 169-178. 2014 ABSTRACT: Earthquakes are known as a recurrent phenomenon during history. In most cases, they have destructive effects on human settlements and put considerable damage on the citizens. Whereas, The old and erosion texture of the city are the most vulnerable parts to natural disasters. Not paying enough attention to consolidation these textures has led to their increasing vulnerability in a way that there is the most damage in these parts in the smallest natural disasters. This paper, which is based on a quantity-analytic approach, is seeking to investigate and analyze the vulnerability of the Qaradiyan neighborhood as an old texture in Sanandaj city by decadence and intervention indexes using the Fuzzy model to provide strategies that reduce the vulnerability of these textures to earthquake dangers and achieving to urban sustainability. Results of this paper show that high population density, high level of household rate, low level of building ownership, high occupancy rate, small size blocks, narrow and impasse pathway, unavailability to open and suitable spaces, durable buildings and their low resistance of structure to earthquakes are some of the features of this district. Keywords: Urban Sustainability, Vulnerability, Crisis Management, Fuzzy model منبع: [Hidden Content] دانلود: [Hidden Content].,%204%20(2)%20169-178,%202014.pdf J. Civil Eng. Urban., 4 (2) 169-178, 2014.pdf

The Assessment of Road Network Vulnerability in Formal and Informal (slum) Urban Tissues to Earthquake Hazards With Crisis Management Approach (Case study: Zone 1 Tabriz) Original Article, C56 Kamelifar MJ, Rustaei Sh, Ahadnejad M, Kamelifar Z. Journal. Civil Eng. Urban. 3(6):380-385. 2013 ABSTRACT:The urban road network is one of the main components of the city’s lifelines that especially after crisis play significant role including the rescue operation, evacuation of the wounded and ... So the analysing of the urban road network besides planning for reducing these harms, are inevitable. In this paper, to evaluate urban road networks vulnerability of Zone 1 of Tabriz, 3 main criteria of density, level of inclusion and building features were employed which each of these criteria are divided into some sub-criteria that these sub-criteria were weighted using Delphi method. Ultimately, after evaluation of roads vulnerability in terms of each criterion, the layers were overlaid using multi criteria evaluation. The obtained results show that, the roads network vulnerability in region 1(planned tissues) is lower than middle and about 61 percent vulnerability of them is very low. The very high vulnerability is observed mostly in informal settlements area that it is about 96 percent. Keywords:Crisis management -Vulnerability-Urban road network. منبع: [Hidden Content] دانلود: [Hidden Content].,56-380-385.pdf J. Civil Eng. Urban.,56-380-385.pdf