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  1. نکات تئوریک و مدلسازی میراگرهای ویسکوز در SAP2000 مفاهیم عمیق تئوریک و نکات مدلسازی میراگرهای ویسکوز خطی و غیرخطی با استفاده از مدل کلوین معادل و ماکسول منبع damper_viscous_9709.mp4
  2. ویرایش چهارم آیین نامه طراحی ساختمانها در برابر زلزله - استاندارد 2800 ایران برای ساختمانهای بلندمرتبه - علیرضا فاروقی فایل پی دی اف در 143 اسلاید ویژه دوره ارتقاء پایه نظام مهندسی محاسبات عمران پایه 2 به 1 سرفصل مطالب : حرکت زمین ضوابط طراحی لرزه ای سازه های ساختمانی الزامات ژئوتکنیکی ضوابط طراحی لرزه ای اجزای غیرسازه ای ضوابط طراحی لرزه ای اجزای سازه های غیرساختمانی منبع 2800.pdf
  3. Bearing capacity of ring foundation due to various loading positions by finite element limit analysis This paper investigates the effects of the footing loading position and the footing radii ratio (ri/ro) on the normalized bearing capacity. Both smooth and rough footings located on frictional and cohesive soils are evaluated by finite element limit analysis (FELA). Quadruple tests (i.e., T1, T2, T3 and T4) are propounded to reach the main goal in this study. The obtained results are presented in the form of normalized bearing capacity charts and the failure patterns for each condition. Based on the analysis, a nonlinear model is proposed to estimate the bearing capacity of a ring footing subjected to varying loading positions. منبع @Civilbest_Bearing_capacity_of_ring.pdf
  4. کارگاه تخصصی بتن آماده و آب بندی سازه های بتنی - دکتر محسن تدین فایل پی دی اف در 31 اسلاید برگزار شده در شانزدهمین همایش روزبتن - 16 مهر 1397 شامل سرفصلهای زیر: آب بندی سازه های بتنی تاثیر طرح مخلوط بر آب بندی بتن تاثیر روش اجرا بر آب بندی بتن تاثیر مواد افزودنی معدنی و شیمیایی بر آب بندی بتن درزبندی در سازه های بتنی پوشش های سطح بتن آزمایش های تعیین میزان آب بندی بتن منبع @Civilbest, AraBetonArvand-Seminar-1397-ICI.pdf
  5. ارزیابی روش تحلیل استاتیکی فزاینده ی غیر خطی مودی برای قاب های خمشی فولادی با اتصالات نیمه صلب پنام زرفام رضا سعیدی نیا مسعود مفید روش تحلیل استاتیکی فزاینده غیر خطی مودی MPA که به تازگی برای تخمین عملکرد سازه ها در هنگام زلزله ارایه شده در مقایسه با روش های تحلیل دینامیکی غیر خطی بسیار ساده تر است با توجه به اینک در ساز های فولادی اتصالات درصدی لنگر انتقال داده و اتصالات صلب نیز کاملا صلب عمل نمی کنند. می توان این اتصالات را نیمه صلب با درصدهای گیرداری گوناگون در نظر گرفت از انجایی که دقت و درستی روش MPA برای قاب های خمشی فولادی با اتصالات نیمه صلب بررسی نشده است. در این نوشتار با انجام روش MPA بر روی قاب های فولادی صلب و نیمه صلب با درصدهای گیرداری مختلف و مقایسه آن با تحلیل دینامیکی غیر خطی تاریخچه پاسخ NLRHA به عنوان روش دقیق به این موضوع پرداخته می شود براساس بررسی نتایج این روش دقت قابل قبولی در تخمین تقضاهای لرزه یی دارد. منبع @Civilbest_تحلیل_غیرخطی_قابهای_خمشی.pdf
  6. Design problems of anchoring of aboveground steel tanks Lyubomir A. Zdravkov1 Keywords: aboveground steel tank, anchor, anchor’s chair, radial deflection, stress Research area: steel structures SUMMARY Aboveground steel tanks are spatial sheet structures. The loads which impact on them are self-weight, snow, wind, earthquake, overpressure and vacuum. When the earthquake, overpressure and wind loads have high values, it is possible that the tank overturn or going to slide. To eliminate the threat from free moving, the steel facilities are often anchored to the foundation. This solution is not recommendable, and in standards [1] and [2] it is positioned on the last place. Despite the standard’s recommendations when the conditions of exploitation are strait and/or extreme, the steel vertical tanks must be anchored. Because of it, the developing of new specific details is needed on the purpose to minimize their unfavourable effects. منبع @Civilbest_طراحی_مهار_،_مخازن_رو.pdf
  7. Failure analysis of RC shear walls with staggered openings under seismic loads تحلیل گسیختگی دیوارهای برشی بتن مسلح با بازشوهای شطرنجی در بارهای لرزه ای Marius Mosoarca a b s t r a c t Reinforced concrete shear walls are used to design buildings located in seismic areas, because of their rigidity, bearing capacity and high ductility. Until now many theoretical and experimental tests on shear walls with or without openings have been made, therefore their failure modes have been analysed and are rather very well-known; the research results being confirmed by real failure modes of RC walls after earthquakes. Design codes and standards based on the knowledge of the failure modes of the reinforced concrete walls were developed in order to obtain the ductile failure mechanisms. A special case is the failure mode of the reinforced concrete shear walls with vertical staggered openings. If at coupled walls the elements must be designed so that the plastic hinges appear at the ends of the coupled beams and then in the pier, this thing is more difficult at shear walls with staggered openings. Theoretical and experimental studies on structural walls with staggered openings, lamellar walls and walls with bulbs at the end have been made recently. There have also been studied the followings: the degradation of the stiffness, the ductility function to the intensity of the seismic force, the presence of the vertical forces, the position and the size of the openings and the reinforcing ways. The article presents the results of the theoretical and experimental tests on failure modes of three types of reinforced concrete shear walls with staggered openings which are compared to those obtained from walls with vertical ordered openings as far as the seismic response is concerned. The failure modes of the structural walls under seismic stress have been identified using calculus programs and cyclic alternated experimental tests. The theoretical research on the failure modes was the basis for the elaboration of a simplified methodology for the calculus of the maximum theoretical seismic force that produces the concrete crushing in the ultimate limit stage. The results theoretically obtained with the help of the calculus programs have been confirmed experimentally. The analysis of the failure modes, obtained with the computing methodology proposed, contributed to the completion of the seismic design codes for shear walls with staggered openings. منبع عملکرد_دیوارهای_برشی_بتنی_با_بازشوهای.pdf
  8. طراحی مقاومتی دیوارهای بنائی غیرسازه ای دارای میلگرد بستر مطابق ضابطه 729 سید امین موسوی - مولف ضابطه 729 نشست تخصصی سازمان نظام مهندسی ساختمان استان تهران ۱۳۹۸/۱۱/۱۴ شامل سرفصل زیر : مروری بر رفتار دیوارهای بنائی غیرسازه ای معرفی ضابطه 729 و تفاوتهای آن با پیوست ششم استاندارد 2800 معرفی میلگرد بستر و تاثیر آن در بهبود مقاومت و شکلپذیری خارج از صفحه دیوارهای بنائی نحوه محاسبه مقاومت خارج از صفحه دیوارهای بنائی با و بدون میلگرد بستر نحوه طراحی دیوار بنائی غیرسازه ای و اتصالات آن معرفی اپلیکیشن تحت اکسل ضابطه 729 طراحی دیوارهای بنائی غیرسازه ای یک ساختمان مسکونی فایل پی دی اف در 89 اسلاید منبع @Civilbest_طراحی_مقاومتی_دیوارهای.pdf
  9. Analysis of results of molasses tanks settlement testing G. Grget a,⇑, K. Ravnjak a, A. Szavits-Nossan b a Geokon-Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia b University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Zagreb, Croatia Received 16 February 2017; received in revised form 28 May 2018; accepted 3 July 2018 Available online 28 September 2018 Abstract Two molasses tanks, each with a capacity of 6330 m3, were built at a distance of 200 m from the river Sava on soft swamp sediments with poor geotechnical characteristics. The foundations of the tanks are a form of reinforced concrete slab built on the soil improved with vertical drains. The monitoring of settlement for each tank involved measuring the settlement using a horizontal inclinometer placed on the reinforced concrete slab and permanent geodetic points. Measured settlement curves are presented and used for comparison with the designed curves. 2018 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Japanese Geotechnical Society. Keywords: Steel tank; Settlements; Vertical drains; Back-calculation; Monitoring; Horizontal inclinometer منبع Analysis of results of molasses tanks settlement testing.pdf
  10. admin

    مراحل احداث یک مسیر راه

    مراحل احداث یک مسیر راه فایل پاورپوینت در 100 اسلاید منبع @Civilbest, احداث مسير راه.pptx
  11. Single Piles in Liquefiable Ground : Seismic Response and Numerical Analysis Methods Abstract The seismic response of piles in liquefiable ground is an important and challenging topic in the field of geotechnical earthquake engineering. Through a combination of case analysis, centrifuge shaking table experiments and numerical simulations, the seismic response patterns of single piles in liquefiable ground are revealed, and the axial pile force and settlement during post-earthquake reconsolidation is studied. A complete set of numerical method for the analysis of single piles in liquefiable soils is established, consisting of constitutive formulations, numerical algorithms and modelling techniques. The main achievements are as follows: 1. A three-dimensional unified plasticity model for large post-liquefaction shear deformation of sand is formulated and implemented for finite element analysis, based on which a three-dimensional dynamic finite element analysis method for piles in liquefiable ground is developed. The constitutive model is able to achieve a unified description of the behaviour of sand at different states under monotonic and cyclic loading during both pre- and post-liquefaction regimes. Appropriate stress integration algorithm, three-dimensional stress projection algorithm and parallel computation techniques are applied in the OpenSees implementation of the model. The potential of the model and its numerical implementation are explored via simulations of classical element and centrifuge experiments. The finite element analysis method is validated against centrifuge shaking table experiments. 2. Methods for the analysis of consolidation and reconsolidation-induced pile axial force and settlement with a consideration for consolidation process are proposed. A beam on nonlinear Winkler foundation (BNWF) solution and a modified neutral plane solution are developed and validated against centrifuge experiments for piles in consolidating and reconsolidating ground. 3. The seismic response of single piles in liquefiable ground is studied, including basic force-resistance mode, kinematic and inertial interaction coupling mechanism and major influence factors. The roles of kinematic and inertial effects could differ due to the difference in rotational constraint at the pile head. Moment caused by kinematic and inertial interaction is opposite for single piles with pile cap, while being of the same direction for single piles without pile cap. The total moment caused by dynamic interaction is affected by both the amplitude and the phasing of the two types of interactions. The dominating forces for piles with and without caps are kinematic and inertial forces, respectively. Pile residual moment increases with increasing lateral spreading in sloping ground. The existence of a non-liquefiable layer over the underlying liquefiable layer may cause the maximum moment to occur at the layer interface. 4. The axial forces and settlement of piles during post-earthquake reconsolidation were analysed. The maximum pile axial force caused by post-earthquake induced negative friction is irrelevant to the reconsolidation process, and is only determined by the final state of the ground. However, pile settlement is dependent on the soil settlement at the neutral plane during reconsolidation, while the neutral plane position changes during the reconsolidation process. Keywords : Liquefaction Pile foundation Constitutive model Seismic response pattern Numerical analysis method منبع @Civilbest,_Rui_Wang_auth__Singl.pdf
  12. تحلیل عملکرد روسازی های بتنی غلطکی و سازگاری آن با شرایط زیست محیطی سعید بزرگ مهر نیا ، لیلا اکبری نسب هشتمین کنفرانس ملی سالیانه بتن ایران - تهران - 15 مهر 95 منبع @Civilbest_تحلیل_عملکرد_روسازی_های.pdf
  13. Numerical simulation of seismic collapse mechanisms of vertically irregular steel high-rise buildings Reza Ramezani Azghandi a, Hamzeh Shakib a,⁎, Maedeh Zakersalehi b a Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran b Niroo Research Institute, Tehran, Iran a b s t r a c t The effect ofmass and stiffness vertical irregularities on the collapse mechanismand resistance of steel high-rise structures is investigated using 3-D numerical simulations. Simulations are carried out utilizing a verified modelling approach in which the collapse processes of a regular and four irregular structures are studied under 11 earthquake records. It is indicated that the utilized finite element model, related considerations and calibrations present a reliable and efficient technique for collapse simulation. The findings showthat vertical irregularities adversely affect the collapse resistance and mechanism of steel high-rise buildings. Especially, mass vertical irregularity with concentration in the lower half of the structure is the most vulnerable one; while the stiffness irregularity with distribution in the top and bottom parts of the structure is the least affecting one. Studying the simultaneous effect of frequency content and vertical irregularities shows that, generally, records with wide frequency content mostly reduce the collapse resistance of the structure and have no significant effect on the collapsemechanismof irregular structures in comparisonwith regular structure;while records with medium frequency content are most effective on the collapse mechanism. منبع 10.1016@j.jcsr.2019.105914.pdf
  14. بخش دوم : Linear Dynamic Analysis of a Billboard as per IS800 شامل مباحث زیر : 1. Modelling of a Billboard with free modelling approach 2. Assigning the Section properties to all the members 3. Assign End Releases and Supporting Conditions 4. Define Load Patterns to the Steel Structure 5. Define Wind Loads and Response Spectrum Loads to the Structure 6. Define Load Combinations as per Auto Generate Option. 7. Remove the Instability in the Modelling Process. (Tips and Tricks) 8. Structural Design and Optimization of the Steel Structure 1._Modelling_of_a_Billboard_with_free_modelling_approach.mp4 2._Assigning__the_Section_properties_to_all_the_members.mp4 3._Assign_End_Releases_and_Supporting_Conditions.mp4 4._Define_Load_Patterns_to_the_Steel_Structure.mp4 5._Define_Wind_Loads_and_Response_Spectrum_Loads_to_the_Structure.mp4 6. Define Load Combinations as per Auto Generate Option..mp4 7._Remove_the_Instability_in_the_Modelling_Process._(Tips_and_Tricks).mp4 8._Structural_Design_and_Optimization_of_the_Steel_Structure.mp4
  15. سمینار طراحی عملکردی سازه های بتن آرمه بر اساس پیوست دوم استاندارد 2800 جواد قدرتی ارائه شده در سازمان نظام مهندسی استان تهران 6 بهمن 98 جزوه فصل اول این دوره هم از پیوست قابل دانلود است منبع PBD-Tehran Nezam.pdf 1-PBD Basic Concept(1398.5.28).pdf
  16. بخش اول : Design of Pre Engineered Building as per Indian Standards شامل فیلمها با موضوعات زیر : 1. Introduction to Pre Engineered Buildings.mp4 1. Introduction to Pre Engineered Buildings 2. Draw a portal frame from one end to other as per Drawing.mp4 2. Draw a portal frame from one end to other as per Drawing 3. Define Frame Section Properties.mp4 3. Define Frame Section Properties 4. Replicate the Whole Portal along the Width.mp4 4. Replicate the Whole Portal along the Width 5. Replicate the Whole portal along the length.mp4 5. Replicate the Whole portal along the length 6. Draw Gable End Structure for the Ends.mp4 6. Draw Gable End Structure for the Ends 7. Draw Plan and Elevation Bracing.mp4 7. Draw Plan and Elevation Bracing 8. Define Load Patterns.mp4 8. Define Load Patterns 9. Define Load Cases.mp4 9. Define Load Cases 10. Define Load combinations.mp4 10. Define Load combinations 11. Calculation of Dead, Live and Wind Loads.mp4 11. Calculation of Dead, Live and Wind Loads 12. Correct the Load Combinations.mp4 12. Correct the Load Combinations 13. Assign the Releases to the Structural Members.mp4 13. Assign the Releases to the Structural Members 14. Assign Supports to the Building.mp4 14. Assign Supports to the Building 15. Define Modal cases.mp4 15. Define Modal cases 16. Define Analysis options and Analyze the Steel Structure.mp4 16. Define Analysis options and Analyze the Steel Structure 17. Steel Sructure Design of Pre Engineering Building Structure as per IS800.mp4 17. Steel Sructure Design of Pre Engineering Building Structure as per IS800 18. Value Engineering of the PEB Shed.mp4 18. Value Engineering of the PEB Shed 19. Check the tabular results including Material Take off.mp4 19. Check the tabular results including Material Take off 12._Correct_the_Load_Combinations.mp4 11.1 PEB Wind Load Calculations.xls.xls
  17. The Complete ETABS Professional- For Structural Engineers (based on IS code) 2019 Udemy دوره 20 ساعته آموزش ایتبز، سازه های صنعتی، سازه بلند بر اساس آیین نامه های هند Description 1. For Moderate/Expert Users There are three types of Analysis covered in this Tutorial Series. 1. Linear Static Analysis. 2. Non-Linear Static Analysis (Pushover Analysis) 3. Linear Dynamic Analysis (Response Spectrum Analysis) The design codes covered are American and Indian Standards with Introduction to European Standards. Case study 1 - Design of Pre-Engineered Building Steel Structure as per Indian Standards. Steel Structures especially PEB are somewhat tricky to model, analyze and design. Majority of the people are comfortable in RCC Design, but very few are expert in Steel Design. After covering this section , you will be able to calculate wind and seismic loads as per the Indian Standards , Model the Steel Structures i.e. Portal , Plan Bracing and Elevation Bracing, Analyze , Review the Modal Shapes and Design the Structure. Instructor will also teach you how to do the value engineering and optimize the Steel Structures. At the end of this lecture series , you will be comfortable with Steel Structures. Case study 2- Linear Dynamic Analysis and Design of Bill Board Steel Structure as per Indian Standards. Bill Boards are supported on the very large Cantilever Steel Structures. You will learn how to plan the basic Structural System, which can resist the high wind and high seismic loads. You will learn how to do the dynamic analysis of the Steel Structure. Modal Analysis is a very important part. You will also learn how to improve the Mode Shapes , how to check the Fundamental Time Period. At the end , you will be able to understand how to design the Steel Structure. Value Engineering and Optimization is also taught in the end. Instability also become an integral part of ETABS modellers. You will learn how to remove the Instabilities. Case study 3- Linear Dynamic Analysis and Design of Industrial Heavy Steel Structure as per American Standards Industrial Heavy Structures looks very difficult and confusing in the beginning. They may be a nightmare in the beginning for Novice Engineers, but in this lecture series , you will learn how to do the basic Steel Structure Planning, How to Plan the Plan and Elevation Bracing. You will learn what are the basic Mode Shapes for Industrial Heavy Structures. You shall also learn how you can do the Dynamic Analysis of the Structures. In the end , you will learn how to design the Steel Structures as per AISC 360. A separate lecture is given at the end for Connection and Base Plate Design. Case study 4- Linear Dynamic Analysis and Design of Steel Space Truss Structures for American Standards Space Truss Structures are very unique in the way how force travel in them. A big space truss is first taught how to model , then analyze and in the end design as per the American Standards. You will learn more about the mode shapes of the huge structures. In the end , you will be comfortable with how the Steel Space Truss Structures can be Designed. Case study 5- Non-Linear Static Analysis or Pushover Analysis of the Structures In the last decade , much has been written on the push over analysis. How the push over analysis is superior to Static Push over Analysis , but very few people actually know how to do the push over analysis. Even experts in the Structural Engineering Field Shy away from this topic. In this lecture series , you will learn how to make the push over curve and find the Performance Point. What it really means to push the Structure up to a certain displacement. How the Response Spectrum Curve needs to be aligned with the Pushover Curve to find the Performance Point. In the end , you will be able to access the Performance of the Structure. Axial , Shear and Moment Hinges are explained with the help of slides. Case study 6- Linear Dynamic Analysis of 23 Story High Rise Structure as per Indian Standards In this lecture series , you will learn how to read the Architecture Drawings , How to Do the basic planning of the Structural Elements. The important widely asked questions that will get answered in this lecture series are 1. What is the difference between flexible and rigid diaphragms and how to assign the diaphragms to the RCC Slab ? 2. How to do P-Delta Analysis 3. How to do the Scaling of the Response Spectrum values to the Static Earthquake Analysis Values. 4. How to Read the ETABS Editor File ? 5. How to Design the Shear Wall ? 6. How to Export the reactions to SAFE and Design the Raft in SAFE ? These six questions are very important to understand for any Structural Engineer for designing any Structure in ETABS. 2. For Intermediate/Novice Users, ETABS Basics Section is provided This Section is the very basic steps in Learning of ETABS software. Moderate or Expert users may skip this part or may refer to this part as a refresher Introduction. You may also refer to this part , in case , if you face any problem while completing Case Studies. You will start with the Absolute Basics Section- Instructor proceeds step by step through the process of drawing grids, defining stories, defining materials, defining section properties, drawing objects in the structural engineering models, defining loads, selecting load combinations with theoretical explanations and examples. You will learn the basics of Soil Structure Interaction and designing basic Raft Foundation. Completing this Part will make you clear about the difference between Thin shell, Thick shell and Membrane. You will also learn the Basics of Structural Dynamics. You will be familiar with the Mode Shapes, Mass Participation, Earthquake analysis, Time periods etc. You may understand that this is a section to refer in case , you are stuck with any case study. You need to understand that this is not an easy to do course. You may need to repeat the course content of over 20 Hours over and over again to understand the course content. This course is only intended for Serious Students. Much efforts has been done to provide the practical understanding of the Software , which is not available anywhere on the internet , hence costlier than other courses on this platform. منبع
  18. نکات کلیدی در نظارت سازه های بتنی با شکلپذیری ویژه تهیه و تنظیم : دکتر مهدی علیرضایی فایل پی دی اف در 12 صفحه منبع Supervision of Concrete SMF.pdf
  19. Effect of distribution pattern of DSM columns on the efficiency of liquefaction mitigation Abstract. Liquefaction during earthquakes can result in severe damage to structures, primarily from excess pore water pressure generation and subsoil softening. Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) is a common method of soil improvement and is also used to decrease shear stress in liquefiable soils to control liquefaction. The current study evaluated the effect of Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) columns and implementation of different column patterns on controlling liquefaction and decreasing settlement of shallow foundations. A series of shaking table physical modelling tests were conducted for three different distribution patterns of Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) columns (i.e.: square, triangular and single) with a treatment area ratio of 30%. The treatment was applied to a liquefiable soil under a shallow model foundation. The results showed that the excess pore water pressure decreased 20% to 50% in comparison with the unimproved soil, depending on the Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) column pattern used. For improved soil, the shallow foundation settlement was about 10% that of the unimproved soil in the best case. The increase in soil shear stiffness after use of the Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) columns was compared with the results of existing practical relations to increase soil shear strength. Keywords: Liquefaction mitigation; Deep soil mixing; Shaking table; Shear reinforcement منبع @Civilbest_تاثیر_چیدمان_شمعهای_خاک.pdf
  20. admin

    طرح سیلوها و بررسی جزئیات آنها

    طرح سیلوها و بررسی جزئیات آنها استاد راهنما : دکتر منوچهر بهرویان دانشجویان : فائزه شکیبا ، الهام علی محمدی ، ایمان کرمانی فایل پی دی اف در 109 اسلاید منبع طرح سیلوها و بررسی جزئیات آنها.pdf
  21. بررسی باربری پی حلقوی به روش های تفاضل محدود و اجزاء محدود استاد راهنما : دکتر ناصر عرفاتی دانشجو : سعید آزموده 1393 پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه تفرش منبع @Civilbest_بررسی_ظرفیت_باربری_پی.pdf
  22. بررسی فرآیند مدیریت پسماند در جهان و ایران مرکز مطالعات و برنامه ریزی پسماند در جهان و ایران گزارش شماره 207 - شهریور 92 تهیه کنندگان : علیرضا نورپور - هادی افراسیابی - سید مجید داودی منبع @Civilbest, Waste Management in Iran and the world.pdf
  23. admin

    رفتار حریق در ساختمان

    رفتار حریق در ساختمان گردآوری : امیر نیک کار - فرزاد صابری ( زیر نظر کامران عبدولی ) بهار 97 فایل پی دی اف در 58 اسلاید شامل سرفصلهای زیر : بررسی رفتار حریق جزییات اجرایی مقاوم در برابر حریق پوشش های مقاوم در برابر حریق منبع @Civilbest رفتار حریق در ساختمان.pdf
  24. @alireza2536 سلام معمولاً در طرح سازه در قسمتهای مختلف مجبوریم در برخی قسمتها ساده سازی در مدل نماییم. مدلسازی دقیق مطابق شرایط اجرا عملاً در بسیاری موارد غیرممکن و بعضاً غیرضروری است. در این مورد هم فکر میکنم نیازی به مدلسازی دقیق نیست و میتوان ساده سازی نمود.
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    Fundamentals of Bridge Design : Concept of design and modeling

    بخش هشتم : Design application examples 1. Difference between CSI bridge and Bentley leap bridge.mp4 2. EXAMPLE 1-FIVE SPAN RC GIRDER BRIDGE.mp4 3. CSI BRIDGE-PROGRAM INTERFACE.mp4 4._CSI_BRIDGE_-_BRIDGE_LAYOUT.mp4 5._CSI_BRIDGE_-_MATERIAL_DEFINITION_AND_SUPER_STRUCTURE.mp4 6._CSI_BRIDGE_-_DEFINE_SUBSTRUCTURES-_PIERS_AND_ABUTMENT.mp4 7._CSI_BRIDGE_-_DISTRIBUTION_OF_LL_ON_BRIDGE.mp4 8. CSI BRIDGE - DEFINE LOADED LANES.mp4 9. CSI BRIDGE - ASSIGN LIVE LOAD- TRUCK AND TANDEM LOADS.mp4 10. CSI BRIDGE - ASSIGN BRAKING AND CENTRIFUGAL LOADS.mp4

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