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THE STUDY OF CHANGES IN ARDABIL PLAIN GROUNDWATER LEVEL USING GIS ABSTRACT: Uncontrolled exploitation of groundwater in many parts of the world has led to a sharp drop in groundwater levels. In this study, changes in Ardabil plain groundwater level were studied using geographic information system (GIS). For this purpose, the interpolation table method was used, the intrinsic data as table data of piezo metric wells was used. In order to implement the model, the Majol Geoestatical in geographic information system software was used. The data entered as regions into the geographic information system, and then done for the entire zoning area, due to zoning 8 models, the IDW, GPI, RBF, LPI, KO, KS, KU and EBK in geostatical extension were evaluated. The ordinary kriging method (KO) with the lowest RMSE, was determined as the most accurate one, and finally, as the ultimate method for zoning and map providing for the changes in groundwater levels drop of the region. The results of classification showed that the biggest drop of about 40 meters was in the areas close to the southeastern parts of the study region and in other areas, little changes were observed, this rate of the change and decline in some parts of the desert like southern regions is very tangible and specified. منبع دانلود THE STUDY OF CHANGES IN.pdf

Influence of Effluent Discharge on Water Quality and Level for Chalk Aquifer in Hampshire, South-East England Original Article, C10 Liman Muhammed Machina, Chukwuemeka Kingsley Egbuna, Musa Abba Jato Journal. Civil Eng. Urban. 3(2): 62-72. 2013 Abstract: Carbonate rocks form important subsurface aquifers in many areas around the world, especially north-west Europe where the Chalk is a primary source of potable water. Chalk is the most widely exploited aquifers in the United Kingdom for public water supply and Chalk groundwater play an important role in the maintenance of flow both in natural and international hydrological systems. Data on water level and effluent discharge concentration of extracted pore-water from core logged at various depths from boreholes (within the Morestead Road Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW) discharge site) were investigated to determine Chalk groundwater quality changes due to the effluent discharge and the discharge volume of nearby New Alresford site correlated with measured depths to groundwater levels. It was observed that recharge occur mainly by matric flow through pore spaces and matric pulse, while in very few cases flow may have been enhanced by fissures. However, during winter months, high volumes of effluent discharge in addition to intense rainfall sessions cause a rapid decrease in depth to the groundwater level and keep the unsaturated zone matric potentials relatively high. This we suggest to be as a result of fracture flow initiated more quickly in response to the rainfall events than in normal ‘undisturbed’ chalk. Although the concentration of chloride and nitrate were relatively high, infiltration of water through the unsaturated zone helped reduce the concentration of inorganic ions as a result of dilution. Therefore, this work concluded that recharge of sewage effluent to the Chalk of the Hampshire area is an effective and practical way of recovering and reusing water sustainably, representing valuable contribution to the conservation of water resources. Keywords: Chalk, Borehole, Effluent Discharge, Aquifers, Groundwater منبع: [Hidden Content] دانلود: [Hidden Content] JCEU-C10-2013.pdf