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Earthquakes and Architecture
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Earthquakes and Architecture منبع @CivilbestEarthquakes_Presentation_Olson.pdf -
Seismic Data During September 7 and 19 Earthquakes Measured in a Building Located in Mexico City یک ورکشاپ به زبان اصلی در دوازده دقیقه منبع دانلود از پیوست videoplayback.mp4
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Practical Guidelines to Select and Scale Earthquake Records for Nonlinear Response History Analysis of Structures By Erol Kalkan and Anil K. Chopra منبع دانلود از پیوست ekalkan.pdf
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Damage of Road Bridges by 2011 Great East Japan (Tohoku) Earthquake
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Damage of Road Bridges by 2011 Great East Japan (Tohoku) Earthquake K. Kawashima Tokyo Institute of Technology H. Matsuzaki Tohoku University منبع دانلود از پیوست WCEE2012_0683.pdf -
Learning from Earthquakes Bridge Performance in the Mw 9.0 Tohoku, Japan, Earthquake
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Learning from Earthquakes Bridge Performance in the Mw 9.0 Tohoku, Japan, Earthquake of March 11, 2011 منبع دانلود از پیوست East-Japan-Bridge-Performance-web.pdf -
منحنی‌های شکنندگی لرزه‌ای تجربی پلها با در نظر گرفتن عدم قطعیت‌های اتفاقی مختلط
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منحنی‌های شکنندگی لرزه‌ای تجربی پلها با در نظر گرفتن عدم قطعیت‌های اتفاقی مختلط مرتضی بسطامی, امیر ملکشاهی یکی از روش‌های ارزیابی لرزه‌ای پلها استفاده از منحنی‌های شکنندگی تجربی است. از اطلاعات خسارت موجود برای برقراری رابطه بین حالت حدی خسارت و مؤلفه‌های حرکت زمین استفاده می‌شود. از آنجا که ویژگی‌های هیچ کدام از حرکت ورودی و مصالح سازه‌ای نمی‌توانند به طور قطع بیان شوند، مطالعات آسیب‌پذیری احتمالاتی با استفاده از روابطی که احتمال خسارت را به صورت تابعی از متغیرهای اتفاقی حرکت زمین و خصوصیات مصالح بیان می‌کنند، انجام می‌شود. این متغیرها عدم قطعیت‌های ذاتی دارند. در این مطالعه متغیرهای اتفاقی مذکور به همراه عدم قطعیت‌های وابسته به صورت مختلط در نظر گرفته شده‌اند. به عنوان مطالعه موردی از اطلاعات خسارت 2768 پل در زلزله‌های 1994 نورتریج و 1995 کوبه و با استفاده از روشی که برای به دست آوردن منحنی‌های شکنندگی تجربی معرفی شده، منحنی‌های شکنندگی پل‌های مورد اشاره، به دست آمده‌اند. Seismic Emperical Fragility Curves of Bridges Considering Composite Inherent Randomness Keywords: Earthquake, Bridge, Experimental Fragility Curve, Composite Inherent Randomness منبع دانلود از پیوست 36-63-1-SM.pdf -
Comparing calculation methods of storey stiffness to control provision of soft storey in seismic cod
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Comparing calculation methods of storey stiffness to control provision of soft storey in seismic codes Mohammad Reza Tabeshpour1a and Azadeh Noorifard2 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran 2Department of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran (Received February 28, 2016, Revised May 19, 2016, Accepted May 27, 2016) Abstract. Numerous buildings have been damaged or destroyed in previous earthquakes by developing soft storey. Almost all the seismic codes have provisions to prevent soft storey in structures, most of them have recommended the ratio of stiffness between adjacent storeys, but none of them has proposed the method to calculate the storey stiffness. On the other hand a great number of previous researches on stiffness have been focused on approximate methods and accurate methods by using analytical softwares have been almost neglected. In this study, six accurate methods for calculating the storey stiffness have been studied on 246 two-bay reinforced concrete frames. It is shown with the results of the statistical study and structural analysis that method 3 in which there is no modification of the original model and the forces with triangular distribution similar to seismic forces are applied to the center of mass of all storeys has acceptable accuracy and desirable efficiency for designing and controlling structures. Keywords: storey stiffness; soft storey; calculation methods; earthquake; seismic codes به نقل از گروه تلگرام دستنامه زلزله Tabeshpour_Nourifard_Comparing_calculation.pdf -
EARTHQUAKE EVALUATION OF THE NON STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS IN A THERMAL POWER PLANT
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EARTHQUAKE EVALUATION OF THE NON STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS IN A THERMAL POWER PLANT F. Nateghi-A., A. Rezaie Tabrizi and M. Khazaei Poul Abstract Non Structural elements such as mechanical, electrical and architectural elements always posses serious damage potentials during earthquakes. Degree of damage imposed by the non structural elements is not usually measured by the physical damages caused, but more so by the amount of the economical and functional disruptions created in a built environment. This phenomenon is enhanced where the functional performance criteria used for the specific site should be of higher standards, meaning for example the “immediate use” criteria. In order to account for this sort of possible interruptions and plan for the worst case scenario during an earthquake in a thermal power plant in Iran, a study was carried out to evaluate the seismic vulnerability status of non structural components of the main control building in this power plant. Level one and two assessment methods, namely; rapid and detailed evaluations were used. Three main documents considered for this evaluation were the MCEER and FEMA-310 and FEMA-356 recommendations. The method used and the results obtained which are classified into four hazard levels namely; very high, high, intermediate and low are to be presented in this paper. Keywords Earthquake, Evaluation, Nonstructural, Power plant, Equipment چکیده اقلام غير سازه‌ای در تأسیسات و سازه‌های نقش بسيار حياتي را در عملكرد آن‌ها ايفا می‌نمایند. با توجه به حساسيت اين اقلام و عملكرد موردنظر آن‌ها در زمان زلزله بخصوص زلزله‌های متوسط و شديد نياز مبرم براي ارزيابي عملكرد هر يك از اين اجزا موردنیاز میباشد. در اين پروژه براي تأسیسات حرارتي از روش‌های FEMA جهت ارزيابي عملكرد لرزه‌ای اقلام غير سازه‌ای استفاده شد و بر اساس مطالعات به اين روش‌ها جداول عملكردي هر يك از اقلام موردمطالعه ارزيابي و ارائه شد. جداول شامل چهار گزينه آسیب‌پذیری خيلي بالا، بالا، متوسط و كم میباشد كه در تزارهاي مختلف زلزله براي هر يك از اقلام نشان داده‌شده است روش‌های پيشنهادي عمومیت داشته و در خصوص اقلام غير سازه‌ای متفاوت در سازه‌ها و نیروگاه‌های مختلفت قابليت اجرا دارد منبع دانلود 29-1-2.pdf -
Deformation Performance of the Karkheh Earth Dam with Mixed and Pure Clay Coreunder Seismic Excitations Majdedin Mir Hosseini; R. Bahrami; M. AsadolahiPajouh The number of constructed dams has been largely increased due to high demands of water supplies, and earth dams are the most common types since they are more compatible to the environment. Nevertheless, the stability of these important structures during earthquakes has to be carefully evaluated and guaranteed. In the past, earth dams usually designed with pure clay core, but in recent decades they are widely designed and constructed with mixed clay core due to their better performance against vibrations particularly earthquake loadings. This paper evaluates the displacement performance of the Karkheh Large Embankment Dam with mixed- clay core, recently constructed in south-western part of Iran, under earthquake motions and compares the dynamic analyses’ results with those of pure-clay core. In this work, the Karkheh Dam with both mixed and pure clay core is numerically modeled using the FLAC 4.0software. After calibrating the model and completing the static and dynamic analyses under different excitations, belonged to some heavy past earthquakes, the results in terms of the maximum settlements, horizontal displacements of upstream and downstream shells are estimated, compared and discussed. Based on the obtained results, it is noted that the dynamic performance of earth dams with mixed-clay core is more desirable than that of pure-clay core. It is also observed that the seismic settlements of the dam with pure-clay core averagely show an increase of 20 percents compared with that having the mixed-clay core. منبع دانلود JSEG261354307400.pdf
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The Effect of Vertical Component of Earthquake on Continuous and Monolithic Frame Bridges
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The Effect of Vertical Component of Earthquake on Continuous and Monolithic Frame Bridges A Delnavaz; A Rahaee Performance of structures during recent earthquakes shows that the effect of vertical component of earthquake (VCE) could be considered as one of the main causes of bridges collapse. In most of bridge design codes, for seismic analysis of bridges, VCE is not taken into account or a distinguished method isn’t presented for assessment of VCE. In the present work, the effect of VCE on two existing bridges, one with continuous deck and the other with monolithic frame system, was studied. The first model consisted of a pre-stress bridge in which the superstructure was connected rigidly to piers. The super structure consisted of 3 spans with length of 16, 48 and 16 m. The end of side slabs was put on abutments. The second model was a bridge with steel deck and concrete piers. The bridge superstructure was composed of I girder beams and in-place concrete slab. The beams were placed on 3 piers located 24 m far from each other, continually. In both models, the effect of VCE was studied considering the 3 acceleration of Tabas, Northridge and Kobe earthquakes and using linear and nonlinear time history and spectrum analysis on 3D models. In each analysis, the model was analyzed considering the 3 component and 2 horizontal components of earthquakes separately. The ratio of the difference of results in two analyses to the result of bridge response under its weight (DL) was compared. Through this method the amount of VCE effect on affected elements (according to statistical system of bridge) was found out. منبع دانلود JSEG251348691400.pdf -
Seismic Structural Failure Potentialities of Newly Constructed Buildings in Iran.
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Seismic Structural Failure Potentialities of Newly Constructed Buildings in Iran. Mohajerani P. J. Civil Eng. Urban., 5(5): 200-209, 2015; pii:S225204301500032-5 Abstract As Iran is located at high seismic risk region and future ground motions are predicated by seismologist, thus, A Case study was conducted to investigate the major seismic structural failure potentialities due to design and constructional flaws in two province of Iran, Tehran and Esfahan, the former with high seismic risk and the latter with an intermediate risk. More than forty buildings were inspected to find the four major failure potentialities in these two provinces. Two imperfections were found in steel structures and two in reinforced concrete buildings. Design and constructional imperfections in protected zone in steel structures and latticed column details are two main points threaten newly constructed steel structures. In reinforced concrete structures, stairway constructional flaws and wrong pipe passing constructional details are the two main defects covered in this study for this type of structures. This paper also presents solutions for each failure potentiality and recommends some constructional and design hints to increase the safety of structure and make them ready for future seismic excitations. Key words: Structural failure potentiality, Constructional imperfection, Earthquake, Risk mitigation, Steel structure, Reinforced concrete structures, Iran [Full text-PDF] منبع: [Hidden Content] J. Civil Eng. Urban., 5 (5) 200-209, 2015.pdf -
Introducing a New Approach for Modelling the Near Field Effects in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard ...
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Introducing a New Approach for Modelling the Near Field Effects in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis Original Article, D90 Mehri Dehno A., Mahdavi Adeli M. Journal. Civil Eng. Urban. 4(6): 592-598. 2014 ABSTRACT: In definitions of seismic hazard analysis, if the site distance from the fault causing earthquake is short, that site will be considered near fault. The recorded results of previous earthquakes have shown that in such site, the structures show very complex and different behaviour from far field area such that it is required to consider near fault seriously and independently. So far, various studies have been carried out to present a method for reliable modelling of near fault behaviour including the present study. In fact, so far, no reliable and definite method has been proposed for modelling of near field effects in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and this study aims to take some steps in this area. The present study proposes a new solution based on combined use of both spectral attenuation relations, i.e. spectral attenuation relations with near field effect and spectral attenuation relations lacking near field effects, for calculation of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. The results of this study indicate the capability of this new idea in modelling of near field effects for reliable estimation of seismic hazard. The results of this study show that the use of attenuation relations of near field, individually, for seismic hazard analysis, increases the spectral acceleration tangibly and unacceptably and is not much reliable. Thus, to overcome this deficiency, one can claim that the best solution for consideration of near field effects is to use the combination of both near and far field attenuation relations according to the proposed model in this study. Keywords: Earthquake, Fault, Near Fault, Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis, Attenuation Relations منبع: [Hidden Content] دانلود: [Hidden Content].,%204%20(6)%20592-598,%202014.pdf -
Role of Urban Planning in Decreasing Damages Results of Earthquake in Human Habitats
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Role of Urban Planning in Decreasing Damages Results of Earthquake in Human Habitats Original Article, D5 Khakpoor B. A., Davarinezhad M and Mabhoot M. R Journal. Civil Eng. Urban. 4(1): 28-35. 2014 ABSTRACT:Modern cities by reasons some as type of site selection, unsuitable physical development, heed nonentity of necessary standard and etc. always are subjected perils of nature disaster same as Earthquake. One of the most important items in decrease the wastage of earthquake, is the previous readiness of a society for crash to Earthquake, that can use with Planning scheming, cities could be designed and programmed that caused for control and decrease the undesirable finals and were involved the least damage to them. Increase the quantity of values such as slope of the earth, density of population, construction density, building age and distance from open spaces, is cause to decrease the cities vulnerability, that when the earthquake happen term in very short time by reason of unsustainable of elements and urban spaces in front of the earthquake forces and absence the public penchant, physical damages one obtained in different burble in the cities ambiance. These physical damages are caused to creation the convict, financial and work harms relation and so is cause to economic and social damages and hogtie the urban system. Given the fact that of crisis management in urban programming is important, and special for decreasing the content of harms and human casualty are countered by hazard, it can help to decrease the somatic, economic and social losses. Based on the early course of crisis management, decrease the vulnerability of city in front of the earthquake, just by using the construction preface is impossible and must be consider the human behaviors that they are cause to increase or decrease the vulnerability. Nevertheless the aim of this article is appraisal the social vulnerability of human in front of the earthquake and checking the role and station the crisis management and urban programming in decrease the losses due of that. Keywords:Human Habitats, Crisis Management, Earthquake منبع: [Hidden Content] دانلود: [Hidden Content].,14-05-28-35.pdf J. Civil Eng. Urban.,14-05-28-35.pdf -
Analytical study on cyclic behavior of chevron braced frames with shear panel system considering post-yield deformation S.M. Zahrai and A. Moslehi Tabar Abstract: An analytical investigation is performed on chevron braced frames using the shear panel system (SPS) and verified based on experimental results. This paper aims to determine key issues influencing the cyclic behavior and energy dissipation capacity of this kind of ductile braced frame. An extended analytical model is presented to evaluate the lateral stiffness of the SPSs at different levels of nonlinear deformation. The expressions developed in this model may be used to select the geometric properties of the SPS based on the desired ductility. Finally, the results obtained from testing on five full-scale braced specimens are used to verify the validity of the proposed model. The experimental specimens showed approximately 30% hysteretic damping ratio and their SPSs reached a plastic rotation of about 0.15 rad. Key words: shear panel, inelastic deformation, earthquake, damping, energy dissipation, post-yield behavior, ductility. . دانلود: [Hidden Content] منبع: [Hidden Content] QSN7obHy.pdf